01:- Measurement of land / Units
Aim:- To know how to measure plots
Requirement :- Measuring tape
Procedure:- Take a measurement tape and measure all side with it.
First we have to measure length and breadth of plot. Then can get the result by FORMULA (L x B).
10 mm= 1 cm
2.5 cm = 1 inch
30 cm = 1 feet
12 inch = 30 cm
3.3 feet = 1 meter
1 meter = 100 cm
1 meter = 1000 mm
33 x 33 feet = 1 guntha (1089 Sq feet)
1 guntha = 100 Sq meter
40 guntha = 1 ackar
25 ackar= 100 guntha
Observation:- We should properly measure the plot or the given area.
02:- Animals Weight And Feeds.
Aim :- Determine The Weight Of Animals And Their feeds.
Requirement :-Weight Balance,Rope,etc;
Procedure :- First we took the animals to the weight balance,by taking the measure weight of the animals,are divided them into three groups as the young one's and small cubs.then an their following weight we decided amount of feed to be given to the animals we classified the feed in three state concentrated,dry one and wet one.
Observation :- To calculate the dry matter (Dm) of the total weight is to take 4% of the weight.
37 kg= 1480 gm : . 37 X 4 = 1.48 kg = 1480
100 100
We get First goat weight 13 kg.
Second goat weight 13 kg.
Third goat weight 11 kg.
So the total weight = 37kg.
so concentrated feed = 25 X 1480 (DM)
100
:. Normal feed = 75 X 1480 = 1110 gm
100
:. Normal feed = 1110 gm
Normal feed contains Dry and Wet type of grass
:. Dry grass = 25%
:. Dry grass = 25 X 1110 = 277
100
:. Dry grass = 277 X 2
= 555
:. Dry grass = 555 gm
:. Wet grass = 75% Normal feed
:. Wet grass = 75 X 1110 = 832 gm
100
:. Wet grass = 832 X 5
= 4162
:. Wet grass = 4162 gm
In the second cage:-
We get First goat weight 21 kg.
Second goat weight 21 kg.
So the total weight = 42kg.
42 kg= 1680 gm
: . 42 X 4 = 168 kg = 1680
100 100
so concentrated feed = 25 X 1680 (DM)
100
100
:. Normal feed = 75 X 1680 = 1260 gm
100
:. Normal feed = 1260 gm
Normal feed contains Dry and Wet type of grass
:. Dry grass = 25%
:. Dry grass = 25 X 1260 = 315
100
:. Dry grass = 315 X 2
= 630
:. Dry grass = 630 gm
:. Wet grass = 75% Normal feed
:. Wet grass = 75 X 1260 = 945 gm
100
:. Wet grass = 945 X 5
= 4725
:. Wet grass = 4725 gm
In the third cage:-
We get First goat weight 36 kg.
Second goat weight 28 kg.
So the total weight = 64 kg.
64 kg= 1680 gm
: . 42 X 4 = 256 kg = 2560100 100
so concentrated feed = 25 X 2560 (DM)
100
100
:. Normal feed = 75 X 2560 = 1920 gm
100
:. Normal feed = 1920 gm
Normal feed contains Dry and Wet type of grass
:. Dry grass = 25%
:. Dry grass = 25 X 1920 = 480
100
:. Dry grass = 480 X 2
= 960
:. Dry grass = 960 gm
:. Wet grass = 75% Normal feed
:. Wet grass = 75 X 1920 = 1440 gm
100
:. Wet grass = 1440 X 5
= 7200
:. Wet grass = 7200 gm
Serial. No
|
Total Weight Of cage
|
Types of Feed
| ||||
CONCENTRATED
|
DRY GRASS
|
WET GRASS
| ||||
1.
|
37
|
370
|
555
|
4160
| ||
2.
|
42
|
420
|
630
|
4725
| ||
3.
|
64
|
640
|
960
|
7200
| ||
TOTAL =
|
1430
|
2145
|
16085
| |||
03:- To Find The pH Of Given Samples
Aim:- To determine the pH of given sample.
Requirement:- Sample, beaker, beret, beaker, chemical and indicator etc.
Procedure :- First we added 10 gm of soil in a beaker then we added 25 ml distal water in beaker and kept it for about 5 minutes. Then we started machine to take the reading, first we calibrated the pH by using chemical from bottle no. 1 then placed the pH rod in soil and took the reading of the sample.
Observation :- In pH machine the reading of soil is mostly upto 6.5 - 7.5.
Conclusion :- By this we can check several samples pH
1. Tap water
2. Distal water
3. Soil
4. Lemon etc.
04:- Chemical oxygen demand
Aim :- To take COD of given samples
Requirement:- Test-tube, Pipit, Beaker, Conical flask, Weight machine, Funnel.
Procedure:-First take three test-tube , keep one as blank other two for samples. To take COD of the samples first add stones in the test-tube, then take mercury sulphate about 0.4 gm, then add 40 ml distal water in blank in second and third add 20 ml distal water .
Then add 0.25 N ( potassium dichromate) about 10 ml and S2HO4 about 30 ml in sample as well as in blank. Then give a oil bath for 2 hours about 150 degree celcious, took 500 ml flask added the sample one drop of ferrous solution in flask. We added ammonium sulphate in the beret , then tit-rate till the color of the sample changes and took the reading by the formula.
FORMULA: COD= (blank-sample) X 0.255 X 8000
20
Observation :- Blank = 9.5
Grey water = 17.5 - 9.5= 8
Azolla = 27.1 - 17.5= 9.3
SAMPLES
|
INITIAL
|
READING
|
FINAL
|
BLANK
|
9.5
|
9.5
|
9.5
|
GREY WATER
|
17.5
|
17.5-9.5
|
8
|
AZOLLA
|
27.1
|
27.1-17.5
|
9.3
|
05:- To take OC ( ORGANIC CARBON)
Aim :- To take OC (organic carbon) of the samples
Requirement :- Beakers, Test-tube, Funnel, Filter paper.
Procedure:- Take samples of soil , then winnowed about 1 gm soil in each beaker. Then added chemical A and B about 10 ml each in every beaker. Then shake the solution for about 5 minutes and filtered the solution by filter paper and put it in the glass test-tube. And took the reading of the samples.
Observation :- As the OC level in the soil is less the colour of the solution is faint yellowish.
As the OC level in the soil is medium the colour of the solution is medium yellowish and reddish.
As the OC level in the soil is high the colour of the solution is dark brown +reddish.
Conclusion :- We can easily check OC without usage of machine. And can quickly get the result of the samples.
RESULT OF THE GIVEN SAMPLE
Serial no
|
Village Name
|
Sample No
|
Result
|
Level
|
1
|
kendur
|
148
|
low
|
0.5
|
2
|
kendur
|
96
|
high
|
1.0
|
3
|
kendur
|
65
|
high
|
1.0
|
4
|
kendur
|
78
|
high
|
1.0
|
5
|
kendur
|
43
|
low
|
0.5
|
06:- To prepare soil for Farming
Aim:- To prepare soil for farming. Information about soil.
- What is soil? :- It is a minute part of stones that are been formed by the multiple changes in climate like rain, sunlight, air etc.
- Contains in soil:- Soil is mixture of about 25% oxygen 25% water and OC (organic carbon) about 5% , minute particles of stones and etc about 45%.
- Growth of Bacteria in soil:- The growth of bacteria starts as they get the OC (organic carbon) it means the waste of animal or their decomposition of plants etc. Due to this bacteria eats the decomposition waste and they grow.
- Importance of soil:- Soil gives support to the plants and it contains the minerals and that are required to the growth of plants. It is also the home of bacteria they also help plants to grow.
- Soil according to fertility:-
- ALLUVIAL SOIL
- RED SOIL
- BLACK SOIL
- SANDY SOIL
- JAN-BI SOIL
- ROCKY SOIL
ROCKY SOIL
ALLUVIAL SOIL
SANDY SOIL
PARTICLE SIZE OF SOIL :-
Serial No.
|
Types of soil
|
Particle size of soil
|
1.
2.
3.
4.
|
Cikana Soil
Alluvial Soil
Sandy Soil
Rocky Soil
|
0.0002 mm
0.022 - 0.05 mm
2 mm
2 mm or more then it
|
07:- Seed processing
AZOLLA
Aim : To know about azolla.
Tools : Tikaav, Phavda, Plastic paper, Bricks.
Process :
1) Gather azolla, and bring it home in a plastic cover, then put it in a tub that has water in it. It will be fresh for only 2 days. It should not be exposed to sunlight.
2) Make a pit that is 5 feet by 3-3 ½ feet. The floor of the pit should be very even. Remove any roots
3) Spread out the plastic sheet. It should be 2 feet longer and 2 feet wider than the pit, with no holes. The sheet must be spread out smooth. The sheet’s outer edges should be fixed with mud so that they don’t move. Making this mud wall around the pit also helps to keep things out of the pit. Any mud that has fallen in should be removed completely.
4) Now fill the pit with water. The depth of the water should be the same as the height of a brick. The water level must be maintained daily – if it goes down add more water. Even small holes in the sheet will result in water leakage.
5) Add 1 ½ kilograms of cow dung.
6) Bring azolla in jeevamuthra water and add it to the pit. In 15-20 days, the azolla will grow to fill the pit.
7)The pit must be in the shade. If the pit isn’t under a tree, build a shelter for it. If the shelter is damaged, you must repair it.
8) When the azolla has grown to fill the pit, remove some and wash it to get rid of the cow dung smell before feeding to the cow. If the cow will not eat it, wash it again and give it to the cow. Start with feeding the cow 75-100 grams of azolla daily in the morning, then increase up to 1 kg.
Observation :
From time to time, add jeevamuthra or cow dung water (slurry). Every now and then ½ to 1 kg of cow dung can be added. Do not dry the azolla.
Result :
If you remove 100 g of azolla from the pit one day, the next day it will have grown back. Azolla can also be used to fertilize paddy. Azolla absorbs nitrogen from the atmosphere.
recognizing the age of cow
Aim -:Recognizing the age of animals
Requirement -: gloves, mask, measurement tape.
procedure-:1)Go to the where you can get cow goat or else
2)first observe the length
3)While observing check how many teeth they have .
4)Chek while they milkyteeth or permanent teeth.
5)While checking the animal teeth take care that they will don't bite while checking the teeth.
- Formula : A*A*B/10400
- A - Chest area
- B - Distance from head bone to tail b
Production of cow -:9 Month's
TDN(Total digestive nutrient)
Aim :To study total digestive nutrient of animals.
Requirements-: Pen,paper
Procedure-:A x A x B A =Chest area
10,400 B =Distance from harn to monkey bone.
= 60902 10.400
= 585.774 kg.
Calculation according to feed
1)Bhuimug pend =71%
2)ginger grass =72%
3) jwari kadba = 40%
4) Bajiri sarmat = 35%
TDN = Cow TDN
Cow reed
= 39.28
9
= 787,699m
Result-: According to TDN determination we can come to know whether cow farming is in profit or loss
Hydroponics
Aim :- Making food for annual in summer season.
Requirement : 1)Shade net 2)Trays with holes 3)sack 4)Corn 5)Drip pipes 6) Foggars 7)End caps 8)PVC pipes 9)Stand like structure 10)Sprayer with bottle 11)Timer with tripper
Process :-
1)Take the measurement of stand where we want to fix the drip pipe then cut those to fix.
2)Then make holes where you want to fix fogers.
3)Then fix these where water comes from.
4)Take trays then clean with normal water then with potassium after this dry those.
5)Then take corn an soak in hot water for 24 hours.
6)Then take bag and pour whole corn in 2 or 3 bags, then store for 24 hours.
7)After the time period we can observe sprouting of corn in bags.
8)Know take corn out and fill in trays in required quantity.
9)Set all trays in stand properly.
10)Set timer as 2 minutes a 1:45 hour.
11)Leave it for 7 day it will grow 7 inches, then take out,then wash and feed.
Result :- From 1 kg corn we can get minimum 4 kgs of fodder.
Practical : 17
Murghas
Aim :- Preparation of Murghas.
Requirements :-
Kadba ,Kutti,Salt,Water,Gud (Jaggery),Drum-500kg,Weighing machine
Quantity & Costing :-
- Kutti material = 40kg + 80 rs
- Salt =50g + 7 rs
- Jaggery =100g + 5 rs
- Mineral mix =50g + 10.5 rs
- Butter milk =50ml + 1 rupee
Total = 103.5 rupee
Labour Charge :- Total amount*25%/100
103.5*25/100 = 27.87 rs
Process :-
- We bought kutti material from farm and cutted it in small peaces.
- Then we added jaggery in water.
- We also added salt and urea and in water,then we mixed all that materials.
- Then we sprayed on all the kutti material.
- Then we filled in a bag which has 2 layers of Plastic cover and bag typed.
- In between the time of filling in bag we totally compressed all the materials by pressing.
- Then we packed the bag without air in it.
Advantages :-
- As it is high in protein it should be feed to animals.
- It also increases milk production of animals.
Observation :-
- It helps to increase animals weight and milk production.
Result :-
- Know we made a pickle like item for animal,it tastes good,smells good,good for health of it.
Planting types
Aim :- To prepare many types of small plants and to increase production.
Tools :- Scale(30cm), Plastic bag, Siccors, Knife, etc.
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